CVOR Formulas
Accident Threshold
An accident threshold value is determined for each carrier, based on its "adjusted fleet size". Carriers with the same adjusted fleet size, therefore, will have the same "accident threshold". The accident violation rates of a large sample of carriers were analysed and a threshold curve was established which identifies those carriers with unacceptably high accident rates relative to other carriers of similar fleet size.
The accident threshold formula is:
| for Fleet Size 1-25 | for Fleet Size 26+ | |
|---|---|---|
| Accident Threshold | Ta = 0.2226 f -0.5000 | Ta = 0.0436 |
| Where: | Ta = accident points / vehicle / month f = adjusted fleet size |
For ease of calculation, accident threshold values have been calculated and presented in a "look-up" table. See Appendix D for the Table of Threshold Values.
Conviction Threshold
A conviction threshold value is determined for each carrier, based on its "adjusted fleet size". Carriers with the same adjusted fleet size, therefore, will have the same "conviction threshold". The conviction violation rates of a large sample of carriers were analysed and a threshold curve was established which identifies those carriers with unacceptably high conviction rates relative to other carriers of similar fleet size.
The conviction threshold formula is:
| for Fleet Size 1-25 | for Fleet Size 26+ | |
|---|---|---|
| Conviction Threshold | Tc = 1.0452 f -0.5663 | Tc = 0.1652 |
| Where: | Tc = conviction points / vehicle / month f = adjusted fleet size |
For ease of calculation, conviction threshold values have been
calculated and presented in
Inspection Threshold
An inspection threshold value is determined for each carrier, based on its frequency of vehicle inspections. Carriers with the same number of vehicle units inspected, therefore, will have the same "inspection threshold". The inspection violation rates of a large sample of carriers were analysed and a threshold curve was established which identifies those carriers with unacceptably high CVSA inspection "out-of-service" rates relative to other carriers with a similar number of vehicle units inspected.
The inspection threshold formula is:
| (for both small and large carriers) | |
|---|---|
| Inspection Threshold | Ti = 5.3841 v -0.4350 |
| Where: | Ti = inspection points / # of vehicle units inspected
v = # of vehicle units inspected in the analysis period |
For ease of calculation, inspection threshold values have been
calculated and presented in
CVOR Calculations
How is the adjusted fleet size calculated?
The following three steps are used to establish the adjusted fleet size of a carrier that is used to determine the carrier's accident and conviction violation rates and thresholds. This calculation incorporates percentage of travel in Ontario and double-shifting.
-
To calculate the total number of commercial motor vehicles operated in Ontario (Include only those vehicles operated in Ontario):
Vehicle power units owned plus
Vehicle power units leased/rented plus
Owner/Operators under your CVOR plus
Number of those commercial motor vehicles double-shifted equals
Total vehicles operated in Ontario.For Example:
Bob owns 10 highway tractors and leases 5 trucks. He also employs 5 Owner/Operators. The tractors (10) are driven by teams and are therefore double-shifted.Bob's total number of commercial motor vehicles is:
10 + 5 + 5 + 10 = 30 total commercial motor vehicles
-
To calculate the percentage of travel in Ontario:
Total kilometres travelled in Ontario by those vehicles operating in Ontario divided by
Total kilometres travelled by those vehicles operating in Ontario multiplied by 100 equals
Percentage of travel in Ontario
For Example:
Bob's fleet travels approximately 500,000 km per year, of which 400,000 are within Ontario.Therefore, Bob's percentage of travel is:
(400,000 ÷ 500,000) x 100 = 80% travel in Ontario
-
To calculate the adjusted fleet size:
Total commercial motor vehicles operated in Ontario multiplied by
Percentage of travel in Ontario equals
Adjusted fleet size (rounded up)For Example:
Bob's total number of commercial motor vehicles operated in Ontario is 30 and the percentage of travel of these vehicles in Ontario is 80%.Therefore, Bob's adjusted fleet size is:
30 x 80% = 24
How are the Accident Violation Rate and Percentage of Threshold calculated?
Using the data collected from police accident reports, accident demerit points are assigned according to the Accident Weighting Table.
An accident is considered to have 'impropriety' if the accident report indicates something other than 'normal' under vehicle condition (fields 31and 32), driver action (fields 33 and 34) or driver condition (fields 35 and 36). See the Motor Vehicle Accident Report and Template in Appendix E for more details.
For Example:
A carrier with an adjusted
fleet size of 2 vehicles had the following 3 accidents in the past 24-month
period (Note: The 24-month period does not include the most recent 30
days):
- 1 involving property damage and no impropriety (0 points);
- 1 involving personal injury and impropriety/charges (8 points); and,
- 1 involving a fatality and no impropriety (0 points).
The Accident Violation Rate would be calculated in the following manner:
Step 1:
Calculate the total accident
points.
0 + 8 + 0 = 8 (total accident points)
Step 2:
Divide the total accident points (8)
by the number of vehicles operated (2).
8 ÷ 2 = 4 (total points
per vehicle)
Step 3:
Divide the number of points per
vehicle (4) by the number of months operated (24).
4 ÷ 24 =
0.1667 (points per vehicle per month)
Step 4:
Consult the Table of Threshold
Values (see Appendix
D) to determine the accident threshold for a carrier with a fleet size of 2.
The accident threshold value for an adjusted fleet size of 2 is 0.1574.
Step 5:
To calculate the percentage of
threshold, divide the points per vehicle per month (0.1667) by the accident
threshold value in the table (0.1574) and multiply the result by 100.
(0.1667 ÷ 0.1574) x 100 = 105.9% (% of accident threshold =
Pa)
In other words, this carrier's accident violation rate is 5.9% above the accident threshold for a carrier with an adjusted fleet size of 2 vehicles.
How are the Conviction Violation Rate and Percentage of Threshold calculated?
The CVOR system assigns points to safety related convictions as indicated in the Conviction Code Table (See Appendix F).
For Example:
The same carrier described
previously with an adjusted fleet size of 2 vehicles also had the following 4
convictions in the past 24-month period. (Note: The 24-month period does not
include the most recent 30 days):
- Fail to make daily log (6 points);
- Overweight - dual axle over 2000 kg (2 points);
- Drive motor vehicle - fail to display plates (0 points); and
- Fail to inspect/repair/maintain according to standard (6 points).
The Conviction Violation Rate would be calculated in the following manner:
Step 1:
Calculate the total conviction
points.
6 + 2 + 0 + 6 = 14 (total conviction points)
Step 2:
Divide the total conviction points
(14) by the number of vehicles operated (2).
14 ÷ 2 = 7 (total
points per vehicle)
Step 3:
Divide the number of points per
vehicle (7) by the number of months operated (24).
7 ÷ 24 =
0.2916 (points per vehicle per month)
Step 4:
Consult the Table of Threshold
Values (See Appendix
D) to determine the conviction threshold for a carrier with an adjusted
fleet size of 2. The conviction threshold value for an adjusted fleet size of 2
is 0.7059.
Step 5:
To calculate the percentage of
threshold, divide the points per vehicle per month (0.2916) by the conviction
threshold value in the table (0.7059) and multiply the result by 100.
(0.2916 ÷ 0.7059) x 100 = 41.3% (% of conviction threshold =
Pc)
In other words, this carrier's conviction violation rate is at 41.3% of the conviction threshold established for a carrier with an adjusted fleet size of 2 vehicles.
How is the Inspection Violation Rate and Percentage of Threshold calculated?
The CVOR system assigns points to Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (CVSA) out-of-service (oos) vehicle defects. This calculation is performed on the 'number of vehicle units' inspected as opposed to the adjusted fleet size used to calculate the accident and conviction violation rates.
Two calculations are performed to derive the inspection threshold.
For Example:
The same carrier as before with
an adjusted fleet size of 2 vehicles had the following 3 inspections in the
past 24-month period (Note: The 24-month period does not include the most
recent 30 days).
Table 2
| Power Unit | Trailer 1 | Converter Dolly | Trailer 2 | Total Points Assigned | # Vehicle units inspected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspection 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| Inspection 2 | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 2 |
| Inspection 3 | 3 (max. 2 pts.) | 4 (max. 2 pts.) | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 |
| Total | 8 | 10 | ||||
Calculation 1:
Step 1:
Calculate the total inspection
points.
- Remember, each oos defect is assigned 1 point, but the maximum number of points assigned for each vehicle unit inspected is 2.
- Remember, a minimum of 2 inspections are required to
calculate the Inspection Violation Rate.
2 + 0 + 6 = 8 (total inspection points where 1 oos defect = 1 point)
Calculation 2:
Step 1:
Determine the total number of
inspections in which at least one oos defect was discovered. In this carrier's
case 2 inspections had oos defects (Inspections 1 and 3).
Step 2:
Determine the total number of
inspections conducted in the previous 24-month period (Note: The 24-month
period does not include the most recent 30 days). In this case the carrier
had 3 inspections.
Step 3:
Divide the total number of
inspections with oos defects (2) by the total number of inspections conducted
(3) and multiply by 100. This value gives you the oos rate.
(2
÷ 3) x 100 = 66.7% (oos rate)
Step 4:
Locate the out-of-service rate
standard as indicated on the second page of the Carrier CVOR Abstract (Level
II) (i.e. 35.3%).
Step 5:
Count 1 point for every full
10% the oos rate in Step 3 exceeds the current out-of-service rate standard
(Step 4).
66.7% - 35.3% = 31.4%
= 3 points (1 point for each
full 10%)
Step 6:
Add the points calculated in
Calculation 1 (8) to the value calculated in Step 5 (3) and divide by the
number of vehicle units inspected as found in Table 2 (10)
8 + 3 = 11
points (from 10 vehicle units inspected)
11 ÷ 10 = 1.1000
points per vehicle unit inspected
Consult the Table of Threshold
Values (Appendix
D) to determine the inspection threshold for a carrier with 10 vehicle units
inspected (1.9775).
Step 7:
To calculate the percentage of
threshold, divide the points per vehicle units inspected (1.1000) by the
inspection threshold value in the table (1.9775) and multiply the result by
100.
(1.1000 ÷ 1.9775) x 100 = 55.6% (% of inspection
threshold = Pi)
In other words, this carrier's inspection violation rate is at 55.6% of the inspection threshold established for a carrier with 10 vehicle units inspected.
How does the CVOR system calculate a carrier's Overall Performance?
The carrier's overall performance is determined by combining its accident, conviction and inspection performance values in the proportions of 2 to 1 to 1.
The overall performance measure formula is:
| Overall Performance | Po = (2Pa + Pc +Pi) / 4 |
| Where: | Po = Overall Performance |
| Pa = Accident Performance | |
| Pc = Conviction Performance | |
| Pi = Inspection Performance |
When a carrier's overall violation rate exceeds 1 (100%), it is said to be "over threshold" and may be subject to sanctioning by the Registrar of Motor Vehicles.
Remember that the Overall Percent of Threshold calculation weights accidents at double the severity of convictions and inspections (2:1:1 ratio).
Step 1:
Multiply the Percent of Accident
Threshold (105.9%) by 2 and add the Percent of Conviction Threshold (41.3%) and
Percent of Inspection Threshold (55.6%).
2(105.9%) + 41.3% + 55.6% =
308.7%
Step 2:
Divide the value in Step 1 (308.7%)
by 4 to derive the Percent of Overall Threshold.
308.7% ÷ 4 =
77.2%
This value represents the carrier's overall violation rate as a percentage of their overall threshold.
How is the Overall Violation Rate calculated as a percentage of the Overall Threshold when a carrier's fleet size has changed?
When a carrier's fleet size has changed within a two-year period, the Ministry assigns a violation rate for each fleet size period and averages the violation rate over the full two-year period. This averaging of fleet size more accurately determines a carrier's overall violation rate as a percentage of overall threshold.
A carrier may wish to request a Performance Analysis of their CVOR record to better understand this calculation. This can be done by calling the Ministry's Carrier Sanctions and Investigation Office at 416-246-7166, or 1-800-387-7736 (in Ontario only), and asking to speak to the CVOR Analyst for your area.
